英语词根表 - 英语词根词缀大全

词根	词根含义	来源	词源	同源词
ab-, a-, abs-	away, off, away from, from	Latin	ab "away"; Latin a-, from a, short form of ab; ab is regularly used before all vowels and h; before consonants except h, (like m, p, v,) ab usually becomes a; before c, q, t, it becomes abs; cognate with Greek apo, from PIE root *apo- "off, away"	abnormal, abrasion, absent, abstain, abstraction, aversion
acet-, aceto-	vinegar, compounds from or related to acetic acid	Latin	acetum (acetus) "vinegar" (originally vinum acetum "wine turned sour"), originally past participle of acere "be sour," related to acer "sharp, pungent, bitter", from PIE root *ak- "sharp, pointed".	acetic
acerb-	harsh to the taste, sharp, bitter, sour	Latin	acerbus "harsh to the taste, sharp, bitter, sour", related to acer "sharp, pungent, bitter", (cf. Latin superbus "haughty," from super "above"), from PIE root *ak- "sharp, pointed".	acerbic, exacerbate
acid-	acid, sour, sharp	Latin	acidus "acid, sour, sharp," adjective of state from acere "be sour," related to acer "sharp, pungent, bitter", from PIE root *ak- "sharp, pointed".	acidosis, acidulation
acr-	height, summit, tip	Greek	ἄκρος (ákros) "high", "extreme"	acrobatics, acromegaly, acronym, acrophobia
acr-, acri-	sharp, pungent, bitter	Latin	acer "sharp, pungent, bitter" (fem. acris, neut. acre), fr. PIE root *ak- "sharp,pointed" (cf. G. ake/akis "sharp,point,thorn," akros (see acr-/acro-), akantha (ake + antha/anthos "flower") "thorn,thorny plant," more to see acu-/acut-)	acrid, acrimony
acu-, acut-	sharp	Latin	acuere (pp. acutus "sharp, pointed") "sharpen," related to acus "needle", fr. PIE root *ak- "sharp,pointed" (cf. the rest of acr-/acri-, G. akme "summit,(highest) point," oxys "sharp,pointed, acid"; OE. ecg (old form of edge) "sword")	acupuncture, acute
ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-	to, toward; addition to	Latin	ad "to, toward"; expressing direction toward or addition to; ad- appears before a vowel and before the consonants d, h, j, m, v; it is simplified to a- before sc, sp, st.	accept, adapt, affect, aggression, approximate
adip-	fat	Latin	adeps, adipis "fat"	adipose
aer-	air, atmosphere	Greek	ἀήρ (aēr) "air"	aeronautics, aerosol
aesthet-	feeling, sensation	Greek	aisthētikos "of sense perception" from αἰσθάνεσθαι (aisthanesthai) "to perceive"	aesthetics, anaesthetic
agr-	field	Greek	ἀγρός (agros) "field"	agronomy
agri-, -egri-	field	Latin	ager, agris "field, country"	agriculture, peregrine
alb-	white	Latin	albus	albedo, albino, albumen
am-, amat-, amor-, amour-	love	Latin	amare (past participle amatus), amore, amor, amour	amateur, amatory, amorous
amb-, ambi-, amph-, amphi-	around, round, about, round about; both, on both sides	Greek or Latin	ambi, amphi	ambidexterity, ambivalent
amic-, -imic-	friend	Latin	amicus	amicable, inimical
amph-, amphi-	around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds	Greek	ἀμφί (amphi) "on both sides"	amphibian, amphibolic, amphoterism
ampl-	large, spacious, abundant, bountiful	Latin	amplus	amplification, ample
an-, a-	not, without	Greek	Greek ἀν-/ἀ- "not"; a- used before a consonant, an- used before a vowel.	anhydrous, atypical
ana-, an-	up, upward, up to; back, backward; again, anew; against; on, upon, according to; exceedingly; throughout	Greek	ἀνά (ana)	anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anion, anode
andr-, andro-, -ander	man, male, masculine	Greek	aner (genitive andros) "man, male"	androgen, android
anem-	wind	Greek	ἄνεμος anemos	anemometer
anim-	life, breath, soul, mind, spirit; courage; temper, (hostile) feeling	Latin	anima, animus	animal, animation
ann-, anni-, annu-, -enn-, -enni-	year, yearly	Latin	annus (genitive anni) "year"	anniversary, annual, biannual, millennium
ant-, anti-	against, opposed to, opposite of, instead, preventive	Greek	ἀντί anti "against"	antagonist, antibiotic, antipodes
ante-, anti-	before, beforehand, in front of, prior to, previous	Latin	ante "before"	antebellum, antediluvian, anticipate, antiquarian
anth-, antho-	flower	Greek	ἄνθος (anthos) "flower"	anther, anthology
anthra-	coal	Greek	ἄνθραξ (anthraks)	anthracite, anthrax
anthrop-, anthropo-	man, human being	Greek	anthropos "man, human being", which is perhaps a dialectical variant of *andropos, a compound of aner (genitive andros) "man" and ops (genitive opos) "eye, face", so literally "he who has the face of a man".	anthropology, anthropomorphic
ap-, apo-, aph-	from, away from, off, away, asunder, separate	Greek	ἀπό (apo); cognate with Latin ab, from PIE root *apo- "off, away"	aphelion, apocrine, apogee, apostasy
aqu-	water	Latin	aqua	aquamarine, aquarium, aqueduct, aquifer
ar-	plow	Latin	arare "plow" (cognate with ear "plow").	arable, ear
ar-	be dry	Latin	ārēre "be dry or parched"	arid
arch-, archi-, archo-	chief, principal, leader, ruler, government	Greek	arkhos "leader, chief, ruler", from arkhe "beginning, origin, first place"; arkhein	archangel, architect
archa-, arche-, archae-, archeo-, archaeo-	ancient, olden, primitive, primeval, from the beginning, beginning, first	Greek	arkhaios "ancient," from arkhe "beginning"	archaeology, archeology, archaic
arct-	Relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to cold	Greek	ἄρκτος arktos "bear"	Arctic Ocean
argent-	silver	Latin	argentum	argent, Argentina
arist-	excellence	Greek	ἀρετή, ἄριστος aretē, aristos	aristocracy
arthr-, arthro-	joint	Greek	arthron "joint", from PIE root *ar- "put things together, fit together, join"	arthritis, arthropod
astr-, astro-	star or celestial body; outer space	Greek	astro-, stem and comb. form of astron "star," related to aster "star"; In ancient Greek, aster typically was "a star" and astron mostly in plural, "the stars".	asterisk, astrology, astronomy
athl-	prize	Greek	ἄθλος (athlos) "contest, feat"	athlete, pentathlon
-athroid	gathered or lumped together	Greek	αθροίζω (athroidzo) "I gather together"	Hypoathroid, epiathroid
audi-, audio-	hearing, listening, sound	Latin	audire "to hear"	audible, auditorium, auditory
aug-, auct-	grow, increase	Latin	augēre, auctus "to increase"	augend, augmentation
aur-	relating to gold, or gold-colored	Latin	aurum "gold"	aureate, aureole
auri-	relating to the ear	Latin	auris "ear"	auricle
aut-, auto-, auth-	self, one's own, by oneself	Greek	αὐτός (autos) "self", "same"	autarchy, autograph, automobile, autonomy
avi-	bird	Latin	avis	aviary, aviation
axi-	axis	Latin	axis	axisymmetry
axi(o)-	merit	Greek	ἄξιος (axios) "worth"	axiology, axiom
bac-	rod-shaped	Latin	from baculum "rod"	bacilla, bacteria
bar-, baro-, bari-	weight, heavy, pressure	Greek	baros, barys	barograph, barometer, barostat
basi-	at the bottom	Greek	from βαίνω, I walk, march, βάσις "step"	basic, basis
bathy-, batho-	deep, depth	Greek	βαθύς (bathús, bathýs)	batholith, bathymetry, bathyscaphe
be-, beat-	bless	Latin	beare, beatus	beatification
bell-, belli-	war	Latin	bellum, belli	antebellum, bellicose, belligerent
ben-	good, well	Latin	bene (adverb)	benefit, benignity
bi-, bis-, bin-	two, twice, double, doubly, once every two	Latin	bis, "twice"; bini, "in twos"	binary, binoculars, bigamy, biscotti
bib-, bibit-	drink	Latin	bibere, bibitus	imbibe
bibl-	book	Greek	βιβλίον (biblíon) "book"	bible, bibliography
bio-, -bi-	life	Greek	βίος (bios) "life"	biography, biologist, biology, biosphere
blenn-	slime	Greek	βλέννος (blennos)	blennophobia, blennosperma
blast-	germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus	Greek	βλασταίνω (blastainō), "I put forth shoots"	blastula, fibroblast, osteoblast, sideroblast
bon-	good	Latin	bonus	bonify, bonitary
bor-	north	Latin from Greek	borealis "northern" from Βορέας (Boreas) "the north wind"	borealis
botan-	plant	Greek	βοτάνη, βότανον (botanē, botanon)	botanic, botanist, botany
bov-	cow, ox	Latin	bos, bovis	bovine
brachi-, brachio-	arm	Greek	Latin brachium "arm", from Greek brakhion "arm," perhaps originally "upper arm," literally "shorter," and from brakhys "short" (see brief), in contrast to the longer forearm.	brachial artery, brachiosaurus
brachy-	short	Greek	βραχύς (brakhús, brakhýs)	brachycephaly, brachydactyly
brady-	slow	Greek	βραδύς (bradús, bradýs)	bradycardia
branchi-	gill	Greek	βράγχιον (brágkhion, bránkhion)	branchiopod, nudibranch
brev-, brevi-	brief, short; shorten, make shorter, shortened	Latin	breve (genitive brevis), breviare	abbreviation, brevity
brom-	food	Greek	βρῶμα (brōma)	bromatium, bromatology
brom-	oats	Greek	βρόμος, βρόμη (brómos, brómē) "oats"	brome, Bromus, Bromus ramosus
bromo-, brom-	stench, stink, bad odor	Greek	bromos "stench"	bromate, bromide, bromine
bronch-	windpipe	Greek	βρόγχος (brógkhos, brónkhos)	bronchiole, bronchitis, bronchus
bront-	thunder	Greek	βροντή (brontē)	Brontosaurus
bucc-	cheek, mouth, cavity	Latin	bucca	buccal, buccinator muscle
bulb-	bulbous	Latin	bulbus	bulbous, bulbule
bulli-	boil, seethe, bubble	Latin	bullire	ebullient, ebullism
burs-	pouch, purse	Latin	bursa	bursa, bursar, bursary, disburse
caco-, cac-, kako-, kak-	bad, harsh, wrong, evil; incorrect; unpleasant; poor	Greek	kakos "bad, evil", considered by etymologists probably to be connected with PIE *kakka- "to defecate" (see caca).	cacophony
cad-, -cid-, cas-	fall	Latin	cadere, casus	accident, cadence, case
caed-, -cid-, caes-, -cis-	cut	Latin	caedere, caesus	caesura, incisor, scissors
calc-	stone	Latin and Greek	from Latin calx "lime", and from Greek χάλιξ (khalix) "pebble" "limestone"	calcite, calcium, calculate, calculus
call-, calli-	beautiful	Greek	from Greek κάλλος kallos "beauty"	calligraphy
calor-	heat	Latin	calor "heat"	calorie
calyp-	cover	Greek	καλύπτειν (kaluptein)	apocalypse
camer-	vault	Latin	camera	bicameral, camera
camp-	field	Latin	campus "field", "level ground"	champion, campaign
can-	dog	Latin	canis	canine, Canis Major
can-, -cin-, cant-, cent-, chant-	sing, chant	Latin	canere "sing"; cantus, pp. of canere; cantare, frequ. of canere	cantata, canto, cantor
cand-	glowing, iridescent	Latin	candere "to be white or glisten"	candela, candid, candle, candor, incandescent, incendiary, incense
cap-, -cip-, -cup-, capt-, -cept-, -ceiv-	hold, take, catch, seize, grasp	Latin	capere, captus "take or hold" (vowel changes from a to i in compounds)	capture, captive, conception, recipient, occupy
capit-, cipit-	head	Latin	caput (genitive capitis) "head"	capital, decapitation, precipitation
capr-	goat	Latin	caper, capri	Capricorn, caprine
caps-	box, case	Latin	capsa	capsule
carbo-	coal	Latin	carbo, carbonis	carbohydrate
carcer-	jail	Latin	carcer, carcerare	incarceration
carcin-	cancer (disease)	Latin from Greek	Latin from Greek καρκίνος (karkinos) "crab"	carcinogenic, carcinoma
cardi-	relating to the heart	Greek	καρδιά kardia "heart"	cardiograph, cardiology
cardin-	hinge	Latin	cardo, cardinis	cardinal
carn-, carni-	flesh	Latin	caro (genitive carnis) "flesh"	carnal, carnival, carnivore
carp-	relating to fruit	Greek	καρπός (karpos) "fruit"	carpology
carp-	relating to the wrist	Greek	καρπός (karpos) "wrist"	carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome
cast-	pure	Latin	castus "chaste"	caste, castigate, castrate
cata-, cat-, cath-	down, downward; intensive prefix, completely, entirely; against, wrongly	Greek	κατά (katá) "down"	catabolic, catalyst, catastrophe, catatonia, cathode, cation, catapult, catachresis
caten-	chain	Latin	catena	catenary, concatenation
cathar-	pure	Greek	καθαρός (katharos)	catharsis
caud-	tail	Latin	cauda	caudal
caus-, -cus-	cause or motive	Latin	causa	causative
cav-	hollow	Latin	cavus "hollow"	cave, cavity, excavation
ced-, cess-	go	Latin	cedere, cessus	procession, recede, secede
celer-	quick	Latin	celer, celerare	acceleration, celerity
cen-	new	Greek	καινός (kainos)	Cenozoic
cen-	empty	Greek	κενός (kenos)	cenotaph
cens-	to assess	Latin	censere	census
cent-	hundred	Latin	centum	cent, centennial, centurion
centen-	hundred each	Latin	centeni	centenary
centesim-	hundredth	Latin	centesimus	centesimal, centesimation
centr-	center	Greek	κέντρον (kéntron) "needle", "spur"	eccentric
cephal-, cephalo-	head, skull, brain	Greek	κεφαλή (kephale)	cephalic, cephalopod, encephalogram
ceram-	clay	Greek	κέραμος (keramos)	ceramic
cerat-	horn	Greek	κέρας, κέρατος (keras, keratos) "horn"	keratin
cern-	sift	Latin	cernere	discern, secern
cervic-	relating to the neck, relating to the cervix	Latin	cervix, cervicis "neck"	cervix, cervical
ceter-	other	Latin	ceterus	et cetera
chir-, chiro-, cheiro-, cheir-	hand	Greek	kheir (genitive kheiros) "the hand," from PIE *ghes- "hand"	chiral, chiropractic, chiroptera
chelon-	relating to a turtle	Greek	χελώνη (khelōne) "tortoise"	chelonia
chlor-	green	Greek	χλωρός (khlōros) "green"	chlorine, chlorophyll, chloroplast
chore-	relating to dance	Greek	χορεία khoreia "dancing in unison" from χορός khoros "chorus"	choreography
chord-, cord-	cord, rope, string	Latin and Greek	chorda, khorde	chordata, cord, cordillera
chrom-	color	Greek	χρῶμα (chrōma) "color"	chromium, chromosome, monochrome
chron-	time	Greek	χρόνος (chronos)	chronic, chronology, chronometer
chrys-, chryso-	gold	Greek	khrysos "gold"	chrysolite, chrysalis
cili-	eyelash	Latin	cilium	cilia, supercilious
cine-	motion	Greek	κινέω (kineō)	cinema
ciner-	ashes	Latin	cinis (genitive cineris) "ashes"	incineration
cing-, cinct-	surround, encircle, gird	Latin	cingere; cinctus, pp. of cingere	succinct
circ-	circle, ring	Latin	circus	circus, circular
circum-	around, all around, on all sides	Latin	circum "around, round about," literally "in a circle," cognate with circus "ring" (see circus). In French, the element became circon-; Kitchin points out that con for cum is common even in classical Latin.	circumcise, circumference
cirr-	orange	Greek	κιρρός (kirros)	cirrhosis
cirr-	curl, tentacle	Latin	cirrus	cirrus
civ-	citizen	Latin	civis	civility
clad-	branch	Greek	κλάδος (klados)	clade
clar-	clear	Latin	clarus, clarare	clarity, declaration
clast-	broken	Greek	κλαστός (klastos)	iconoclast, osteoclast
claud-, clud-, claus-, clus-, clos-	close, shut	Latin	claudere (pp. clausus; -clusus, pp. of -cludere) "close, shut"	clause, exclusion, include
clav-, clavi-	key; bolt, bar; shut, lock, close	Latin	clavis	clavichord, clavicle, conclave
cl(e)ist-	closed	Greek	κλειστός (kleistos)
cleithr-	bar, key	Greek		cleithrum
clement-	mild	Latin	clemens, clementis	clemency, inclement
clin-, clino-	lean, slope, bend, incline	Greek or Latin	Latin clinare (Greek klinein) "lean, slope, bend, incline", from PIE root *klei- "lean, incline"	declination, incline
cochl-	(snail/spiral) shell	Greek	κόχλος (kochlos)	cochlea
coel-	hollow	Greek	κοῖλος (koilos)	blastocoel, coelom, spongocoel
cogn-	know	Latin	cognoscere, cognitus	cognitive, cognizant, recognize
col-	strain	Latin	colare, colum	colander, coulee
coll-	hill	Latin	collis
coll-	neck	Latin	collum	collar
color-	color	Latin	color	coloration, coloratura, tricolor
con-, co-, col-, com-, cor-	with, together, intensive prefix	Latin	com, cum	coagulate, collide, compress, connect, contain, corrode
con-	cone	Greek	κῶνος (kōnos)	conic, conical, conoid
condi-	season	Latin	condire	condiment
contra-, contro-, contre-, counter-, contr-	against, in opposition	Latin	contra; In French, it became contre- and passed into English as counter-.	contradiction, contrast, contraception
copr-	dung	Greek	κόπρος (kopros)	coprolite, coprophagia, coprophilia
corac-	raven	Greek	κόραξ, κόρακος (korax, korakos)	coracoid
cor-, cour-, cord-, cordi-	heart	Latin	cor, cordis, cor (genitive cordis)	accord, cordial, core, courage
corn-	horn, projecting point, corner	Latin	cornu (genitive cornus) "horn"	cornea, cornucopia, unicorn
coron-, coroll-	crown, wreath, garland	Latin	corona, coronare; corolla "small garland, little crown", diminutive of corona	corona, coronation
corpor-	body	Latin	corpus, corporis	corporation, corpse, corpuscle
cortic-	bark	Latin	cortex, corticis	corticosteriod
cosm-, cosmo-	world, universe; order, good order, orderly arrangement	Greek	κόσμος (kosmos)	cosmic, cosmonaut
cosmet-	arrange, adorn, ornament	Greek	kosmetos, from kosmein "arrange, adorn," from kosmos "order"	cosmetics, cosmetology
cost-	rib	Latin	costa	costal
cotyl-	cup	Greek	κοτύλη (kotulē)	cotyledon
-cracy, -crat	government, rule, authority	Greek	κράτος (kratos)	democracy
crani-	skull	Greek	κρανίον (kranion)	cranium
crass-	thick	Latin	crassus	crassitude
cre-, creat-	make, bring forth, produce, beget, create	Latin	creare, creatus; creatus, past participle of creare	creation, creature, procreant
cred-	believe, trust	Latin	credere, creditus	credentials, credibility, creditor, incredible
crep-, crepit-, crev-	crack, creak	Latin	crepitare "crackle," frequentative of crepare "crack, creak"	crepitation, discrepancy, crevice
cribr-	sieve	Latin	cribrum, cribrare	cribble, cribrate
cric-	ring	Greek	κρίκος (krikos)	cricoid
cris-, crit-	judge	Greek	κρίσις (crisis)	crisis, critic
crisp-	curled	Latin	crispus	crepe, crispate
crist-	crest	Latin	crista	cristate
cross-	fringe, tassel	Greek	κροσσός (krossos)	crossopterygii
cruc-, cruci-	cross	Latin	crux, crucis	crucial, crucifix, crucify, excruciating
crur-	leg, shank	Latin	crus, cruris	crural
crypt-	hidden	Greek	κρυπτός (kruptos)	cryptic, cryptography
cten-	comb	Greek	κτείς, κτενός (kteis, ktenos)	ctenophore
cub-	cube	Greek	κύβος (kubos)	cubic, cuboid
cub-, cumb-, cubi-, cubit-	lie, lie down, lie asleep, recline	Latin	cubare "lie, lie down, recline"; -cumbere (found only in compounds) "lie, lie down, recline", from or related to cubare.	incubation, succuba
culin-	kitchen	Latin	culina	culinary
culp-	blame, fault	Latin	culpa	culpable, exculpate
cune-	wedge	Latin	cuneus	cuneiform
cur-	care for	Latin	cura, curare	accurate, curator, cure
curr-, curs-	run	Latin	currere (pp. cursus) "run"	concurrent, current, cursive
curv-	bend, curve	Latin	curvare, curvus; from PIE root *ker- "turn, bend," (cf. Latin curvus "bent, curved," crispus "curly"; Greek kirkos "ring," koronos "curved")	curvature
cuspid-	lance, point	Latin	cuspis, cuspidis	bicuspid
cut-	skin	Latin	cutis	cutaneous, cuticle
cyan-	blue	Greek	κυανός (kuanos)	cyanide
cycl-	circular	Greek	κύκλος (kuklos)	bicycle, cycle, cyclone
cylind-	roll	Greek	κύλινδρος (kulindros)	cylinder
cyn-	dog	Greek	κύων, κυνός (kuōn, kunos)	cynology, cynosure
cyst-	capsule	Greek	κύστις (kustis)	cystic
cyt-, cyto-	cell	Greek	κύτος (kutos)	cnidocyte, cytoplasm
dactylo-, dactyl-, dactylio-	finger, toe, digit	Greek	dactylos, literally "finger" (also "toe")	dactylology, pterodactyl
damn-, demn-	damage, loss, injury, penalty, condemn	Latin	damnare "condemn", from damnum "damage, loss, injury, penalty"	condemn, damnation, indemnify
de-	down, down from, from, from among, away, out, off; down to the bottom, totally, entirely, completely; concerning	Latin	dē	deletion, dementia, descend
deb-	owe	Latin	debere, debitus	debit
deca-, dec-, deka-, dek-	ten	Greek	δέκα deka, ten	decagram, decahedron, decameter
decim-	tenth part	Latin	decimus, tenth; from decem, ten	decimal, decimate
delt-	anything shaped like a Δ	Greek	δέλτα (delta)	deltoid
dem-	people	Greek	δῆμος (dēmos)	demagogue, democracy
den-	ten each	Latin	deni	denarius, denary
dendr-	resembling a tree	Greek	δένδρον (dendron): akin to δρύς, drys, "tree"	dendrite, dendrochronology
dens-	thick	Latin	densus	condense, density
dent-	tooth	Latin	dens, dentis	dental, dentifrice, dentures
derm-	skin	Greek	δέρμα (derma)	dermis, epidermis, hypodermic
deuter-	second	Greek	δεύτερος (deuteros)	Deuteronomy, deuterostome
dexter-, dextr-	right hand (side), on the right hand (side); skillful	Latin	dexter (for dexi-teros), 'on the right side (hand)' (lit. 'on the suitable or fitting side'); from Greek dexios, The Latin form is with the comparative suffix -ter; from PIE base dek-, *dok-.	dexterity, dextrose
dexi-	right	Greek	δεξιός, right	Dexiarchia
di-	two, double, twice	Greek	Greek di-, from dis "twice," related to duo (see two).	dicot, diode, dipole
di-, dia-	through, throughout, across, thoroughly, entirely	Greek	διά (dia)	dialysis, diameter, diagram
dic-, dict-	say, speak, tell, declare, proclaim; show, prove, point out	Latin	dicere, dictus, dicare	contradict, dictate, dictation, dictionary, edict, predict
digit-	finger	Latin	digitus	digital
dino-	terrible, fearfully great	Greek	δεινός (deinos)	dinosaur
dipl-	double; twofold	Greek	διπλός (diplos)	diploid, diplosis
doc-, doct-, doctr-, docu-	teach, show, cause to know	Latin	docere, doctor; docere 'teach' (orig. 'cause somebody to receive something'); from PIE base dek-, dok- "take, receive, accept; acceptable, suitable, fitting, proper"	docile, doctor, indoctrinate
dodec-	twelve	Greek	δώδεκα (dodeka)	dodecasyllabic
dox-, doxo-	opinion, tenet; glory, praise	Greek	doxa, from dokein "appear, seem, think, seem good, believe"; from PIE base dek-, dok-.	doxology, orthodox
dom-	house	Latin	domus	dome
don-	give, give as a gift, present; gift	Latin	donare "give as a gift," from donum "gift"	condone, donation
dorm-	sleep	Latin	dormire	dormant, dormitory
dors-	back	Latin	dorsum	dorsal
du-	two	Latin	duo	dual
dub-	doubtful	Latin	dubius	dubious
duc-, duct-	lead, bring	Latin	dux, ducis, ducere, ductus	abduction, conductor, introduction, production, reduction, deduction
dulc-	sweet	Latin	dulcis	dulcet
dur-	hard	Latin	durus	durable, duration, duress, endure, obdurate
dy-	two	Greek	δύο (duo)	dyad
dyna-	power	Greek	δύναμαι (dunamai)	dynamism, dynasty, dynamite
dys-	bad, ill, abnormal	Greek	δυσ- (dus-), dys-	dysentery, dysplasia, dystrophy
ec-	out	Greek	ἐκ (ek); typical form in English of Latin ex-, Greek ex-, ek- before consonants.	eccentric
eccles-	assembly, congregation	Ancient Greek	ἐκκλησία (ekklēsiā) from ἐκκαλέω (ekkaleō) "I summon" or "I call out"	Ecclesiastes, ecclesiastical
eco-	house	Greek	οἶκος (oikos)	ecology, economics, ecumenism
ecto-	outside	Greek	ἐκτός (ektos)	ectoderm
ed-, es-	eat	Latin	edere, esus	edible
ego-	self, I (first person)	Latin, Greek	ego, ἐγώ	egocentric
ego-, eg-	goat	Greek	αἴξ (aix)	egophony
elect-	amber	Greek	ἤλεκτρον (elektron)	electron, electricity
em-, -eem, empt-	take, buy, gain, obtain, procure	Latin	emere; -emere (past participle -emptus); (sumere (sum-, sumpt-) "take," from sub "under" + emere "take")	exemption, preempt, redeem
emes-, emesi-, -emea, -emesis, eme-, emeto-, emet-, emeti-, -emetic	vomit	Greek	emesis "vomiting," from emein "to vomit," from PIE *weme- "to spit, vomit" (see vomit)	emesis, emetic
emul-	striving to equal, rivaling	Latin	aemulus, aemulare	emulator
en-, em-	in, into; near, at, on, within; put in or on; cause to be, make; intensive prefix	Greek	ἐν (en); assimilated to -p-, -b-, -m-, -l-, -r-; Also used with native elements to form verbs from nouns and adjectives; cognate with Latin in / in-.	emphasis
encephalo-	brain	Greek	ἐγκέφαλος (enkephalos)	encephalopathy
endo-	inside	Greek	ἔνδον (endon)	endocrine, endocytosis
engy-	narrow	Greek	ἐγγύς (engys)
ennea-	nine	Greek	ἐννέα (ennea)	ennead, enneagon, enneode
ens-	sword	Latin	ensis
eo-, eos-, eoso-	dawn, east	Greek	Ἠώς/Ἕως	Eocene
ep-, epi-, eph-	on, upon, above, over; in addition, in addition to, after, behind; to, toward, into; among; at, near	Greek	ἐπί (epi)	epicenter, epitaph, epoch
epistem-	knowledge or science	Greek	ἐπιστήμη (epistēmē)	epistemic
equ-, -iqu-, equi-	equal, just, even, level	Latin	aequus, aequi-	equal, equivalence
equ-, equin-	horse	Latin	equinus "pertaining to horse", from equus "horse"	equestrian, equine
erg-	work	Greek	έργον (ergon)	ergonomics
err-	stray	Latin	errare	aberration, errant
erythr-	red	Greek	ἐρυθρός (eruthros)	erythrocyte
eso-	within	Greek	ἔσω (esō)	esoteric
eth-, etho-	moral character, character, nature, disposition, habit, custom	Greek	ἦθος (ēthos)	ethology
ethm-	sieve	Greek	ἠθμός (hethmos); ἤθειν (hethein)	ethmoid
ethn-	people, race, tribe, nation	Greek	ἔθνος (ethnos)	ethnarch, ethnic
etym-	true	Greek	ἔτυμος (etumos)	etymology
eu-	well, good	Greek	eus "good", eu "well", also "luckily, happily"	euphoria, euthanasia
eur-	wide	Greek	εὐρύς (eurus)	Europe
ex-, exo-, e-, ef-, ec-, es-	out, outside, away, out of, from, from within; upwards, completely, entirely, thoroughly; remove from, deprive of; without; former	Latin	ex	exclude, extend, extrude, ex-wife
exo-	outside	Greek	ἔξω (eksō)	exoskeleton, exothermic
exter-, extra-	outward, outside, on the outside, outer, of another country, foreign; without, except	Latin	exterus (feminine extera); extra, from extera	exterior
extrem-	outermost, utmost, farthest, last	Latin	extremus	extremity, extremophile
f-, fari-, fat-, fac-, fant-, fanc-, fand-, fess-	speak, say, tell	Latin	fari, fatus, fatum, fandus; fans, present participle of fari; fateri (past participle fassus), -fiteri (past participle -fessus); from PIE root *bha- (2) "speak, tell, say"	fate, infant, preface
fab-	bean	Latin	faba	faba bean
fac-, fic-, fact-, fect-	make, do, perform	Latin	facere, factus	defect, factory, manufacture
falc-	sickle	Latin	falx, falcis	falciform
fall-, -fell-, fals-	deceive	Latin	fallere, falsus	falsity, infallibility
fallac-	false	Latin	fallax, fallacis	fallacy
famili-	a close attendant	Latin	famulus	familiarity
fant-, phant-	visible, appear, show, only image or picture, picture to oneself, imagine	Greek	phantos, phantazein, phantazesthai, from phainesthai, phainein	fantasy, fantastic, phantasm
fasc-	bundle, bundle of wood	Latin	fascis "bundle of wood"	fasciculation, fascism
fatu-	foolish, useless	Latin	fatuus "foolish"	fatuous, infatuation
feder-	league, alliance; treaty, pact	Latin	foedus (genitive foederis), related to fides "faith"	confederation, federal
fel-, feli-, felin-, felino-	cat	Latin	feles (genitive felis) "cat, wild cat", felinus	feline
felic-, felici-, felicit-	happy, fortunate	Latin	felix (genitive felicis) "happy, fortunate, fruitful, fertile"	felicity
fell-	suck	Latin	fellare	fellation
femin-	women, female	Latin	femina	femininity
femor-	thigh	Latin	femur, femoris	femoral
fend-, fens-	strike	Latin	fendere, -fensus	defend, offense
fenestr-	window	Latin	fenestra	defenestration
fer-	carry, bear, bring	Latin	ferre	reference, transfer
feroc-	fierce	Latin	ferox, ferocis	ferocity
ferr-	iron	Latin	ferrum	ferrous
fet-	stink	Latin	fetere	fetid, fetor
fic-	fig	Latin	ficus	Ficus
fid-, fide-, fidel-	trust, faith	Latin	fidere "trust"; fidare "trust," from fidus "faithful," from fidem (nominative fides) "faith"; fidelis "faithful, true," from fides "faith"	confidence, fidelity
fil-	thread	Latin	filum	filament
fili-	son	Latin	filius	affiliation
fin-	end	Latin	finis	final, finish
find-, fiss-, -fid	split	Latin	findere (past participle fissus) "split", from root *bheid- "split", cognate with Old English bite "act of biting," and bita "a piece bitten off" (see bite, bit); -fidus, from findere "split"	fission, fissure
firm-	firm, strong	Latin	firmus, firmare	confirmation, firmament
fistul-	hollow, tube	Latin	fistula	fistula
fl-, flat-	blow	Latin	flare (pp. flatus) "blow", cognate with English blow.	flatulence, inflation
flacc-	flabby	Latin	flaccus, flaccere	flaccid
flav-	yellow	Latin	flavus	flavonoid
flect-, flex-	bend	Latin	flectere, flexus	flexible, flexile, flexor, inflection
flig-, flict-	strike	Latin	fligere, flictus	conflict, inflict
flor-	flower	Latin	flos, floris	floral, florid
flu-, flux-	flow	Latin	fluere; fluxus, pp. of fluere	effluent, fluency, influx
foc-	hearth	Latin	focus	focal
fod-, foss-	dig	Latin	fodere, fossus	fossil
foen-	hay	Latin	foenum	Foeniculum
foli-	leaf	Latin	folium	defoliant
font-	spring	Latin	fons, fontis	font, fontal, fontanelle
for-	bore, drill	Latin	forare, foratus	foralite, foramen, foraminifer, perforation
form-	shape	Latin	forma	conformity, deformity, formation, reformatory
fornic-	vault	Latin	fornix, fornicis	fornication
fort-	strong	Latin	fortis	fortification
fove-	shallow round depression	Latin	fovea	fovea
frang-, fring-, fract-, frag-, -frain	break	Latin	frangere (pp. fractus; -fractus, pp. of -fringere; -fraindre, Old French variant of -frangere) "break," cognate with English break, from PIE root *bhreg- "break".	fracture, fragment, frangible, infringe
frater-, fratr-	brother	Latin	frater	fraternity
fric-, frict-	rub	Latin	fricare, frictus	dentifrice, friction
frig-	cold	Latin	frigere	frigid, frigorific
front-	forehead	Latin	frons, frontis	confront, frontage, frontal
fruct-, frug-	fruit	Latin	frux, fructis	fructose
fug-, fugit-	flee	Latin	fugere	centrifuge, fugitive, refuge
fum-	smoke	Latin	fumus	fume, fumigation
fund-, found-	bottom, foundation, base	Latin	fundus	fundamentalism, profundity
fund-, fus-	pour, melt	Latin	fundere (pp. fusus) "pour, melt," from root *gheu- "pour" (cf. Greek khein "pour," khymos "juice"; Old English geotan "pour")	diffusion, effusion
fung-, funct-	do	Latin	fungi, functus	function, fungibility
fur-, furt-	steal	Latin	fur, furare	furtive
furc-	fork	Latin	furca	bifurcation
fusc-	dark	Latin	fuscus	obfuscation
galact-	milk	Greek	γάλα, γαλακτός (gala, galaktos)	galactic
gastr-, gastro-	stomach, belly	Greek	gaster (genitive gastros) "belly, stomach", by dissimilation from graster, literally "eater, devourer," from gran "gnaw, eat," from PIE root gras- "devour"	gastric, gastroenterology
geo-	earth	Greek	geo-, comb. form of ge "earth" (see Gaia)	geography, geology, geometry
gel-, gelat-	icy cold, freeze, jell	Latin	gelum, gelare (pp. gelatus) "freeze, jell"	gelatin, gelid
gen-, gener-	race, kind; birth, produce, beget; descent, origin	Greek or Latin	γένος (genos); genus (genitive generis), generare	eugenics, genocide
ger-, gest-	bear, carry, bring; behave, act, do, wage, perform	Latin	gerere, gestus	digest, gestation, gest
germin-, germ-	sprout, bud	Latin	germen (genitive germinis) "sprout, bud," dissimilated from PIE gen(e)-men-, from root gene- "give birth, beget"	germination, germ
glabr-	hairless	Latin	glaber	glabrous
glaci-	ice	Latin	glacies	glacier
gladi-	sword	Latin	gladius	gladiator
glia-	glue	Greek	γλία (glia)	glial
glob-	sphere	Latin	globus	global, globule
glori-	glory	Latin	gloria	glorify
glutin-	glue	Latin	gluten, glutinis	agglutination
grad-, -gred-, gress-	walk, step, go	Latin	gradus, gradere, gressus	grade, regress
gramm-	writing	Greek	γράμμα (gramma)	grammar, grammatic
gran-	grain	Latin	granum	granary, granite, granola, granule
grand-	grand	Latin	grandis	grandiloquous, grandiosity
graph-, grapho-	draw, write; record, description	Greek	γραφή (graphē), graphein	grapheme, graphic, graphology
grat-	thank, please	Latin	gratus	gratitude, ingrate, grace
grav-	heavy	Latin	gravis	aggravation, grave, gravity
greg-, gregi-	flock, herd	Latin	grex (genitive gregis) "flock, herd," from PIE base gre-g-, partial reduplication of base gere-, *ger- "gather, gather together, assemble".	egregious, gregarious, segregation
gubern-	govern, pilot	Latin	gubernare	gubernatorial
gust-	taste	Latin	gustus, gustare; from PIE root *geus- "taste, choose"; the root that forms words for "taste" in Greek and Latin, but mostly meaning "try" or "choose" in Germanic and Celtic.	disgust, gusto
gutt-	drop	Latin	gutta	gutta, guttifer, guttiform
guttur-	throat	Latin	guttur	guttural
gymn-	nude	Greek	γυμνός (gymnos)	gymnasium, gymnastics, gymnosperm
gyn-	woman	Greek	γυνή	gynecology
hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit-; habili-, habil-	dwell, live; have, hold, possess; that which may be easily handled, suitable, fit, proper; clothe, dress, clothing	Latin	habitus, habitare, habile, habilis, habere "to have, hold, possess; consider, think, reason; manage, keep," from PIE root *ghabh- "to seize, take, hold, have, give, receive" (see give, (h)able).	habit, prohibition, able, ability
hadr-	thick	Greek	ἁδρός (hadros)	hadron, hadrocodium
haem-, hem-	blood	Greek	αἷμα (haima)	haemophilia, hemoglobin
hal-, halo-, hali-	salt, sea	Greek	hals (genitive halos) "a lump of salt, salt generally," in Homer, "the sea," literally "salt", cognate with Latin sal (genitive salis) "salt"	halogen, halite
hal-, hel-, halit-	breathe	Latin	halare (pp. halatus) "breathe", halitus	anhelation, inhale, halitosis
hapl-	simple, single	Greek	ἁπλοῦς (haplous)	haploid, haplotype
haur-, haust-	draw	Latin	haurire, haustus	exhaustion
hedo-	pleasure	Greek	ἡδονή (hēdonē)	hedonism
hel-, heli-, helio-	sun	Greek	helios "sun"	heliocentric, heliotrope, helium
hemi-	half	Greek	ἥμισυς (hēmisus)	hemicycle, hemisphere
hen-	one	Greek	ἕν (hen)	henad, hyphen
hendec-	eleven	Greek	ἕνδεκα (hendeka)	hendecagon
hept-	seven	Greek	ἑπτά (hepta)	heptagon, heptathlon, heptode
her-, hes-	cling	Latin	haerere, haesus	adhesive, coherent
herb-	grass	Latin	herba	herbal, herbicide
hered-	heir	Latin	heres, heredis	heredity
herp-	creep	Greek	ἕρπω, ἕρπειν (herpō, herpein)	herpes, herpetology
heter-, hetero-	different, other	Greek	ἕτερος (heteros)	heterodoxy, heterogenous, heterochromatin
heur-	find	Greek	εὑρίσκω (heuriskō)	heuristic
hex-	six	Greek	ἕξ (hex)	hexagon, hexahedron, hexode
hibern-	wintry	Latin	hibernus	hibernation
hiem-	winter	Latin	hiems	hiemal
hier-, hiero-	sacred, holy	Greek	ἱερός (hieros)	hierarchy, hieroglyphics
hipp-, hippo-	horse	Greek	hippos "horse"	hippodrome, hippopotamus
hirsut-	hairy	Latin	hirtus, hirsutus	hirsute
hispid-	bristly	Latin	hispidus	hispidity, hispidulous
histri-	actor	Latin	histrio, histrionis	histrionic
hod-, od-	way, a going, a traveling, journey	Greek	hodos	cathode, herpolhode, hodometer
hol-, holo-	whole, entire, complete	Greek	holos "whole, entire, complete," from PIE root *sol- "whole"	holistic, holography
hom-, homo-, homeo-, homoi-	same, the same, equal, even, like, similar, one and the same, belonging to two or more jointly	Greek	ὁμός (homos), homio-, homoios	homophone, homozygous, homoiousian, homeopath
homal-	even, flat	Greek	ὁμαλός (homalos)	anomalous
home-	like	Greek	ὅμοιος (homoios)	homeostasis
homin-	human	Latin	homo, hominis	hominid
honor-	esteem	Latin	honos, honoris	honorable, honorarium
hor-	boundary	Greek	ὅρος (horos)	aphorism, horizon
hor-, horo-	hour, time	Greek	ὥρα (hōra)	horoscope, horology, hour
horm-	that which excites	Greek	ὁρμή (hormē)	hormone
hort-	garden	Latin	hortus, horti	horticulture
hospit-	host	Latin	hospes, hospitis	hospital, hospitality, inhospitable, hospice
host-	enemy	Latin	hostis	hostile
hum-	earth, ground, soil	Latin	humus, humare	exhumation, inhume, humus
hyal-	glass	Greek	ὕαλος (hualos)	hyaline, hyaloid
hydr-, hydro-	water	Greek	ὕδωρ (hudōr), hydro-, hydor	hydraulics, hydrology, hydrolysis, hydrophily, hydrophobia, hydroponic, hydrous
hygr-	wet	Greek	ὑγρός (hugros)	hygrometer
hyo-	U-shaped	Greek	ὑοειδής (huoeidēs)	hyoid
hyp-, hypo-	under, beneath	Greek	ὑπό (hupo/hypo), from PIE base *upo-; In chemistry, indicating a lesser oxidation.	hypothermia
hyper-	above, over	Greek	ὑπέρ (huper)	hyperbole, hypertonic
hypn-, hypno-	sleep	Greek	ὕπνος (hupnos)	hypnosis
hyster-	later	Greek	ὕστερος (husteros)	hysteresis
ichthy-	fish	Greek	ἰχθύς (ichthus)	ichthyology
icos-	twenty	Greek	εἴκοσι (eikosi)	icosagon, icosahedron
id-	shape	Greek	εἶδος (eidos)	idol
ide-	idea; thought	Greek	ιδέα (ideal)	ideogram, ideology
idi-	personal	Greek	ἴδιος (idios)	idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiot
ign-	fire	Latin	ignis	igneous, ignition
in- (1), il-, im-, ir-	into, in, on, upon	Latin	in	import, incur, intend, invite
in- (2), il-, im-, ir-	not, opposite of, without, un- (negation)	Latin	in-	illicit, impossible, inimical, irrational
infra-	below, under	Latin	infra	infrastructure
insul-	island	Latin	insula	insular, insulation
inter-, enter-, entre-	among, between	Latin	inter (preposition); Spelled entre- in French, most words borrowed into English in that form were re-spelled 16c. to conform with Latin except entertain, enterprise.	intercollegiate, intermission, intersection, entertain, enterprise
intra-	within, inside, on the inside	Latin	intra, Commonly opposed to extra-	intramural
irasc-, irat-	angry	Latin	iratus, past participle of irasci "be angry," from ira "anger" (see ire).	irascible, irate, ire
irid-	rainbow	Latin	iris	iridescent
is-, iso-	equal, the same	Greek	ἴσος (isos)	isometric, isomorphic, isotropic
iter-	again	Latin	iterum, iterare	iteration
itiner-	route, way	Latin	iter, itineris – march, journey	itinerary
jac-	lie	Latin	jacēre "to be thrown"	adjacent
jac-, -ject-	cast, throw	Latin	iacere, iectus	ejaculate, eject, reject, interject, trajectory
janu-	door	Latin	janua	janitor
joc-	joke	Latin	jocus	jocularity
judic-, judici-	judge	Latin	iudicare "judge", from iudex (genitive iudicis) "judge", compound of ius "right, law" + root of dicere "say, speak"	adjudicate, judicial
jug-	yoke	Latin	jugare, jugum	conjugal, subjugate
jung-, junct-	join	Latin	jungere, junctus	conjunction, juncture
junior-	younger	Latin	junior	juniority
ju-, jus-, jur-, juri-, juris-	law, right, justice; swear	Latin	ius, iuris, iurare	jury, justice, abjure
juv-, jut-	help	Latin	juvare, jutus	adjutant
juven-	young, youth	Latin	juvenis (iuvenis) "young, youth", cognate with junior / iunior (comparative of juvenis / iuvenis) "younger".	juvenile, rejuvenate
juxta-	beside, near, close to, next to	Latin	juxta, iuxta is a contraction of iugista (adv.), superlative of adjective iugos "closely connected," from stem of iugum "yoke," from iungere "join", from PIE *yeug- "join" (cf.G: zygon "yoke," zeugnyanai "join, unite;" OE: geoc "yoke")	juxtaposition
kil(o)-	thousand	Greek	χίλιοι (chilioi)	kilobyte, kilogram, kilometer
kine-	movement, motion	Greek	κινέω (kineō)	kinesthetic, kinetic energy, telekinesis
klept-	steal	Greek	κλέπτης (kleptēs)	kleptomania, kleptoplasty
kudo-	glory	Greek	κῦδος (kudos)	kudos
lab-, laps-	slide, slip	Latin	labi, lapsus	elapse, relapse
labi-	lip	Latin	labia, labiae	bilabial, labial
labor-	work	Latin	labor	collaboration, elaboration
lacer-	tear	Latin	lacerare (pp. laceratus) "tear to pieces, mangle," figuratively, "to slander, censure, abuse," from lacer "torn, mangled," from PIE root *lek- "to rend, tear"	laceration
lacrim-	cry, tears	Latin	lacrima "tear"	lacrimal, lacrimous
lact-	milk	Latin	lac, lactis, lactare	lactate, lactation, lactose
lamin-, lamino-, lamina-, lamn- lamell-	thin plate or layer or slice	Latin	lamina "thin piece of metal or wood, thin slice, plate, leaf, layer"; lamella "thin, small plate," diminutive of lamina	laminate, lamination
lamp-	torch	Greek	λαμπάς lampas	lamp
lapid-	stone	Latin	lapis, lapidis	lapidary
larg-	large	Latin	largus	enlargement
larv-	ghost, mask	Latin	larva	larva, larvae, larval
lat-	broad, wide	Latin	latus	latitude
later-	side	Latin	latus, lateris	bilateral
laud-, laus-	praise	Latin	laudere	laud, laudanum
lav-	wash	Latin	lavare (pp. lavatus) "wash", cognate with Latin luere "wash"	lavatory
lax-	loose, loosen, slack, slacken, open, make wide, undo	Latin	laxus, laxare	laxative, relaxation
lecith-	egg yolk	Greek	λέκιθος lekithos	lecithin
led-, les-	hurt	Latin	laedere, laesus	lesion
leg-, legi-, legis-, legitim-	law	Latin	lex (genitive legis) "law," possibly related to legere "gather," on notion of "a collection of rules"	legal, legislative
leg-	send, depute, send as a deputy, send with a commission, bequeath	Latin	legare "send as a deputy, send with a commission, bequeath," from lex (genitive legis) "contract, law"	relegate
lei-	smooth	Greek	λεῖος leios	leiomyoma
lekan-	dish, pot	Greek	λεκάνη lekane	lekane
leni-, len-	mild, gentle, calm, soft	Latin	lenire "to soften, alleviate, mitigate, allay, calm," from lenis "mild, gentle, calm"	leniency
leon-	lion	Latin	leo, leonis	Leo, leonine, Leopold
lep-, lepido-, lepid-, lepo-, -lepis, lepro-, lepr-	flake, scale	Greek	lepis (genitive lepidos) "(fish) scale" (related to lepein "to peel," from PIE root *lep- "to peel, scale" (see leaf (n.)), see leper); lepra "leprosy," from fem. of lepros (adj.) "scaly"	Lepidoptera, lepidosis
leps-	grasp, seize	Greek	λῆψις lepsis	epilepsy
leuc-, leuk-	white	Greek	λευκός leukos	leucocyte
lev-, levi-, liev-	light in weight, not heavy; lighten, raise, lift up	Latin	levare "raise," from levis "light" in weight, from PIE root *legwh- "light, having little weight; easy, agile"	elevator, levitation
liber-	free	Latin	liber, liberare	liberation, liberty
libr-	book	Latin	liber, libri	librarian, library
lig-, liga-, ligat-	bind, tie	Latin	ligare (past participle ligatus) "bind, tie"	ligament, ligature
limac-	slug	Latin	limax, limacis	limacoid, limacon
lin-	line	Latin	linea	line, linearity
lingu-	language, tongue	Latin	lingua	bilingual, linguistic
linqu-, lict-	leave	Latin	linquere, lictus	relict, relinquish
lip-	fat	Greek	λίπος lipos	lipolysis
liter-	letter	Latin	littera	alliteration, illiterate, literacy, literal, obliterate
lith-, litho-, -lite	stone, rock	Greek	λίθος (lithos); French -lite, variant of -lithe	lithosphere, megalith, monolith, Neolithic Era, oolite
loc-, loco-	place	Latin	locare (pp. locatus) "place", loco "from a place" (ablative of locus "place")	local, location
log-, logo-	ratio, proportion; word, speech, say, speak, discourse, thought, idea, account, reason; count, reckon	Greek	λόγος logos	logic, monologue, morphological, philology
long-	long	Latin	longus	elongate, longitude
loqu-, locut-, loqui-	speak	Latin	loqui (pp. locutus) "speak"	allocution, eloquence
luc-	bright, shine, light	Latin	lucere, lux (genitive lucis)	Lucifer (bearer of light)
lud-, lus-	play	Latin	ludere, lusus	allude, illusion
lumin-	light	Latin	lumen (genitive luminis) "light," related to lucere "shine"	illumination, luminous
lun-	moon	Latin	luna	lunar, lunatic
lysis	dissolving	Greek	λύσις (lusis)	analysis, cytolysis, hydrolysis
macr-, macro-	long, large, abnormally large, on a large scale	Greek	μακρός (makros)	macron
magn-	great, large	Latin	magnus	magnanimous, magnificent, magnitude
maj-	greater	Latin	major, majus	majesty, majority, majuscule
mal-, male-, mali-	bad, badly, ill, poorly, wrong, wrongly, evil, wretched	Latin	male, malus (fem. mala, neuter malum)	malfeasance, malicious, malignancy, malodorous
mamm-, mammo-	breast	Latin	mamma	mammal, mammary gland
man-	flow	Latin	mānāre, manatus	emanate, emanationism, immanant, immanation
man-	stay	Latin	manēre, mansus	immanence, immanent, manse, permanence, permanent, remanence, remanent
mand-	order	Latin	mandāre, mandatus	mandate, remand
mania	mental illness	Greek	μανία (manίā)	kleptomania, maniac
man-, manu-	hand	Latin	manus	manual, manuscript, manufacture
mar-	sea	Latin	mare, maris	marine, maritime
mater-, matr-, matri-	mother	Latin	mater, matris	maternity, matriarch, matrix
maxim-	greatest	Latin	maximus	maximum
medi-, -midi-	middle	Latin	medius, mediare	median, medieval
meg-, mega-, megal-, megalo-	great, large; one million	Greek	μέγας (megas), (fem. megale), (genitive megalou)	megaphone, megawatt, acromegaly, megalomania
mei-	less	Greek	μεῖον (meiōn)	meiosis
melan-	black, dark	Greek	μέλας (melas)	Melanesia, melanoma
melior-	better	Latin	melior	amelioration
mell-	honey	Latin	mel, mellis	mellifluous
memor-	remember	Latin	memor	memorial
mening-	membrane	Greek	μήνιγξ (meninx)	meningitis
men-, meno-	month	Greek	men (genitive menos) "month"	menopause
menstru-	monthly	Latin	menstruus (mens-truus) "monthly," from mensis "month"	menstrual, menstruation
mensur-	measure	Latin	mensura	commensurate
ment-	mind	Latin	mens, mentis	demented, mentality
mer-	part	Greek	μέρος (meros)	polymer
merc-	reward, wages, hire	Latin	merx, mercis	mercantile, mercenary, merchant
merg-, mers-	dip, sink, plunge	Latin	mergere; -mergere (past participle -mersus)	emerge, immersion
meso-, mes-, mesi-	middle, intermediate; close to a center line; between	Greek	mesos "middle, in the middle; middling, moderate; between" (see medial (adj.)).	mesolithic, mesozoic
meter-, metr-	measure	Greek	μέτρον (metron)	metric, thermometer
meta-	above, among, beyond	Greek	μετά (meta)	metaphor, metaphysics
mic-	grain	Latin	mica	micelle
micr-, micro-	small; microscopic; one millionth	Greek	μικρός (mikros)	microphone, microscope
migr-	wander	Latin	migrare	emigrant, migrate
milit-	soldier	Latin	miles, militis	military, militia
mill-	thousand	Latin	mille	millennium, million
millen-	thousand each	Latin	milleni	millenary
mim-	imitator, mimic, mime	Greek	μίμος (mimos)	mime, mimic
min-	jut, jut out, project	Latin	minere "jut out, project" related to mons "hill" (see mount, montem (nominative mons) "mountain," from PIE root *men- "jut, jut out, stand out, project")	prominent
min-	less, smaller	Latin	minor, minus	minority, minuscule, minutiae
mir-	wonder, amazement	Latin	miror, mirari, miratus sum	admire, miracle, mirror
mis-, miso-	hate, hater, hatred	Greek	μῖσος (misos), misein	misandry, misogyny, misogamy
misce-, mixt-	mix	Latin	miscere, mixtus	miscellaneous, mixture
mit-	thread	Greek	μίτος (mitos)	mitochondrion, mitosis
mitt-, miss-, -mit	send, let go	Latin	mittere; missus, pp. of mittere	intermittent, missionary, transmission
mne-	memory	Greek	μνήμη (mnēmē)	amnesia, mnemonic
mol-	grind	Latin	mola, molere, molitus	molar
moll-	soft	Latin	mollis	emollient, mollify
mon-, mono-	one, single, alone, only	Greek	μόνος (monos)	monism, monolith, monotone
monil-	string of beads	Latin	monile	Moniliformida
mont-, mount-	mountain	Latin	mons, montis	Montana
mord-	bite	Latin	mordere, morsus	mordacious, morsel, remorse
morph-	form, shape	Greek	μορφή (morphē)	anthropomorphism, morpheme, morphology
mort-, mortu-	death	Latin	mors (genitive mortis) "death"; mortuus "dead", past participle of mori "die"; from PIE root *mer- "die, wither, quench, extinguish; wear away, rub away, harm"	immortal, mortality, mortuary
mov-, mot-	move, motion	Latin	movere, motus	mobile, momentum, motor, move
mulg-, muls-	milk	Latin	mulgere	emulsion
mult-	many, much	Latin	multus	multiple, multiplex, multitude
mur-	wall	Latin	murus (genitive muralis)	immured, mural
mus-	thief	Latin	mus, muris	mouse
musc-	fly	Latin	musca, muscae	Muscicapidae, Muscidae
mut-	change	Latin	mutare	mutation
my-	mouse	Greek	μῦς (mus)	musophobia
myri-	countless, ten thousand	Greek	μυρίος (murios)	myriad, myriapod
myrmec-	ant	Greek	μύρμηξ (murmēx)	myrmecoid, Myrmidons
myth-	story	Greek	μῦθος (muthos)	mythic, mythology
myx-, myxo-	slime, mucus	Greek	myxa "mucus; lamp wick" (see mucus).	Myxini, myxoma
myz-	suck	Greek	μυζάω (muzaō)	Myzopoda
nar-	nostril	Latin	naris	naris
narc-	numb	Greek	νάρκη (narkē)	narcosis, narcotic
narr-	tell	Latin	narrare	narrative
nas-	nose	Latin	nasus	nasal
nasc-, naiss-, nat-, gnat-, gn-	born, be born	Latin	natus, past participle of nasci "be born" (Old Latin gnasci); gnatus, past participle of gnasci, older form of nasci; gn- is the root of gnasci "be born"	nascent, native
naut-	sailor	Greek	nautes "sailor," from naus "ship," from PIE *nau- "boat"	Argonaut, astronaut
nav-, nau-, naus-	ship	Latin and Greek	navis, naus; from PIE *nau- "boat"	naval, naufragous
ne-	new	Greek	νέος (neos)	neologism
necr-	dead	Greek	νεκρός (nekros)	necrophobia
nect-	swimming	Greek	νηκτός (nēktos)	nectopod
nect-, nex-	join, tie	Latin	nectere, nexus	connect, nexus
neg-	say no	Latin	negare	negative
nema-	hair	Greek	νῆμα (nēma)	nematode
nemor-	grove, woods	Latin	nemus, nemoris	nemoral
nephr-	kidney	Greek	νεφρός (nephros)	nephritis
nes-	island	Greek	νῆσος (nēsos)	Polynesia
neur-	nerve	Greek	νευρών (neurōn)	neurology, neurosurgeon
nict-	wink	Latin	nictari	nictation
nigr-	black	Latin	niger	denigrate
nihil-	nothing	Latin	nihilum	annihilation
noct-	night	Latin	nox, noctis	noctambulist, nocturnal
nod-	knot	Latin	nodus	node, nodule
nom-	arrangement, law	Greek	νόμος (nomos)	autonomous, taxonomy
nomad-	those who let pasture herds	Greek	νομάς, νομάδος (nomas, nomados)	nomadic
nom-, nomi-, nomen-, nomin-, nomini-	name	Latin	nomen (genitive nominis) "name"; nomius, from nomen; from PIE *nomn- "name"	nomination
non-	not	Latin	non	none
non-	ninth	Latin	nonus	nonary
nonagen-	ninety each	Latin	nonageni	nonagenary
nonagesim-	ninetieth	Latin	nonagesimus	nonagesimal
not-	letter, note, paper	Latin	notare	annotation, notable
noth-	spurious	Greek	νόθος (nothos)	nothogenus
noto-	back, south	Greek	νότος (notos)	notochord
nov-	nine	Latin	novem	November, novennial
nov-	new	Latin	novus	innovation, nova
noven-	nine each	Latin	noveni	novenary
novendec-	nineteen	Latin	novendecim
nox-, noc-	harmful	Latin	noxa	noxious
nu-	nod	Latin	nuere	innuendo
nub-	to marry, to wed	Latin	nubes, nubis, nubere	connubial, nubile
nuc-	nut	Latin	nux (genitive nucis) "nut", cognate with English nut.	nucleus
nuch-	back of neck	Latin	nucha	nuchal cord
nud-	naked	Latin	nudus	denude, nudity
null-	none	Latin	nullus	nullify
numer-	number	Latin	numerus	numeral
nunci-	announce	Latin	nuntius	pronunciation
nupti-	pertaining to marriage	Latin	nuptialis	nuptial
nutri-	nourish	Latin	nutrire	nutrient
ob-, obs-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, os-	to, toward, toward to; against; across, over, upon; down; completely, intensive prefix; before, in front of; behind, after, at the back, backward	Latin	ob	obstinate, obstreperous, occur, offend, omit, oppose, ostentatious
oct-	eight	Greek	ὀκτώ (oktō)	octagon, octahedron, octode
oct-	eight	Latin	octō	octangular, octennial, octovir
octav-	eighth	Latin	octāvus	octaval
octogen-	eighty each	Latin	octogeni	octogenary
octogesim-	eightieth	Latin	octogesimus	octogesimal
octon-	eight each	Latin	octoni	octonary
ocul-	eye	Latin	oculus, oculare	ocular, oculus, ullage
hod-, od-	way, a going, a traveling, journey	Greek	hodos	anode, diode, odometer, pentode, tetrode, triode
od-	hate	Latin	odium	odious
odon-, odont-	tooth	Greek	odon (genitive odontos) "tooth"	odontology
odor-	fragrant	Latin	odor	odorous
oeco-	house	Greek	οἶκος (oikos)	ecology
oed-	swollen	Greek	οἴδημα (oidēma)	oedema
oen-	wine	Greek	οἶνος (oinos)	oenology
oesophag-	gullet	Greek	οἰσοφάγος (oisophagos)	oesophagus
ogdo-	eighth	Greek	ὄγδοος (ogdoos)	ogdoad
-oid	like	Greek	-οειδής (-oeidēs)	asteroid, mucoid, organoid
ole-	oil	Latin	oleum	oleosity
olecran-	skull of elbow	Latin from Greek	ὠλέκρανον (ōlekranon)	olecranon
olig-, oligo-	small, little, few	Greek	ὀλίγος (oligos)	oligarchy
oliv-	olive	Latin	oliva	olivaceous, olivary, olivette
-oma	cancer	Greek	-ωμα	melanoma
omas-	paunch	Latin	omasum	omasum
oment-	fat skin	Latin	omentum	omental
omin-	creepy	Latin	omen, ominis	abominable, ominous
omm-	eye	Greek	ὄμμα (omma)	ommatidium
omni-	all	Latin	omnis	omnipotence, omnivore
omo-	shoulder	Greek	ὦμος omos	omohyoid
omphal-	navel	Greek	ὀμφαλός (omphalos)	omphalectomy
oner-	burden	Latin	onus (genitive oneris) "burden"	exonerate, onerous
onym-, onom-, onomat-, onomas-	name	Greek	onyma, dialectal form of onoma "name"; onoma (genitive onomatos) "name"; onomazein from onoma; from PIE *nomn- "name"	onomatopoeia
ont-	existing	Greek	ὄντος (ontos)	ontogeny, ontology
onym-, onom-, onomat-, onomas-	name	Greek	onyma, dialectal form of onoma "name"; onoma (genitive onomatos) "name"; onomazein from onoma; from PIE *nomn- "name"	antonym, pseudonym, synonym
oo-	egg	Greek	ᾠόν (oion)	oocyte
opac-	shady	Latin	opacus	opacity
op-, oper-	work	Latin	opus (genitive operis) "work, labor, exertion" (source of Italian opera, French oeuvre), from PIE root *op- "work, produce in abundance"	inoperable, opera
opercul-	little cover	Latin	operculum
ophi-	snake	Greek	ὄφις (ophis)	ophiophagy
ophthalm-	eye	Greek	ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmos)	ophthalmology
opisth-	behind	Greek	ὄπισθεν (opisthen)	opisthosoma, opsimath
opoter-	either	Greek	ὁπότερος (hopoteros)
opt-, opto-, ops-	seen, visible, sight	Greek	optos "seen, visible," from ops (genitive opos) "eye" from PIE *okw- "see"	optical
opt-	choose	Latin	optare	adopt, optional
optim-	best	Latin	optimus	optimum
or-	mouth	Latin	os, oris	oral, orator
orb-	circle	Latin	orbis	orbit
orch-	testicle	Greek	ὄρχις (orchis)	orchid
ordin-	order	Latin	ōrdō, ordinis	ordinal, ordinary
organ-	organ, instrument, tool	Greek	ὄργανον (organon)	organism
ori-, ort-	eastern	Latin	oriri, ortus	orient
orn-	decorate	Latin	ōrnāre	adorn, ornament, ornate
ornith-, ornitho-	bird, birds	Greek	ὄρνις (ornis, ornithos)	ornithology
orth-, ortho-	straight, upright, rectangular, regular; right, true, correct, proper	Greek	ὀρθός (orthos)	orthodontist, orthodoxy, orthosis
oscillo-, oscill-, oscillat-	swing, vibrate	Latin	swing, vibrate; oscillare "swing," from oscillum "little face," literally "little mouth," from os (gen. oris) "mouth, face" (see oral)	oscillation
oss-	bone	Latin	os, ossis	ossification
osteo-	bone	Greek	ὀστοῦν (ostoun)	osteoporosis
osti-	entrance	Latin	ostium	ostiole
ostrac-	shell	Greek	ὄστρακον (ostrakon)	ostracism
ot-	ear	Greek	οὖς, ωτός (ous, ōtos)	otology
ov-, ovi-	egg	Latin	ovum, cognate with Greek oon, English egg	oval, ovary, ovule
ovi-	sheep	Latin	ovis	ovine
oxy-	sharp, pointed	Greek	ὀξύς (oxus)	oxygen, oxymoron
pac-	peace	Latin	pax, pacis	pacifism
pachy-, pacho-, pach-	thick, dense; large, massive	Greek	pachys "thick, large, massive"	pachydermata, Pachypodium
paed-	child	Greek	παῖς, παιδός (pais, paidos)	paediatric
pagin-	page	Latin	pagina	pagination
pal-	stake, wooden post	Latin	palus	impalement, pale
pale-, paleo-	ancient, old	Greek	παλαιός (palaios)	paleontology
palin-	back	Greek	πάλιν (palin)	palindrome
pall-, pal-	be pale	Latin	pallere	pallid, pallor, pale, appal
palli-	cloak	Latin	pallium	pallium
palm-	palm	Latin	palma	palmate
palustr-	in marshes	Latin	paluster	palustral
pan-, pam-, pant-, panto-	all	Greek	pan-, combining form of pas (neuter pan, masculine and neuter genitive pantos) "all," from PIE *pant- "all"	pandemic
pand-, pans-	spread, stretch	Latin	pandere (past participle pansus) "spread, stretch", from PIE root *pete- "spread" (see pace, petal, patent, pan, fathom).	expand, expansion
para-, par-	beside, alongside, near; beyond; contrary, against; irregular, abnormal	Greek	παρά (para)